Inclusion of Diverse Populations in Genomics Research: A Survey of Investigators

Inclusion of diverse populations in genomic research is crucial for reducing health disparities, yet recruitment remains inadequate. This study surveyed 91 NIH-funded investigators on their practices and perspectives regarding the recruitment and retention of underrepresented populations (URP) in genomic research. Most respondents were White, male, full professors conducting studies in the U.S., while researchers recruiting primarily Hispanic/Latino or Black/African American participants were more likely to be younger, female, and belong to a URP themselves. Recruitment goals were more frequently met for White participants than for URPs. Despite understanding the challenges of URP recruitment, investigators found meeting targets "very or extremely difficult." While no significant differences in recruitment practices were observed between those focusing on URPs and those recruiting primarily White participants, descriptive differences emerged. Most respondents agreed that the NIH should monitor URP recruitment but felt researchers shouldn’t be penalized for failing to meet targets. The findings suggest that while NIH-funded researchers are aware of strategies to improve URP recruitment, few routinely implement them, citing inadequate infrastructure and funding. Systemic changes at the individual, institutional, and policy levels are needed to address these barriers.