Exploring the Magnitude and Determinants of Ovulatory Period Knowledge among Young Women in Somalia: A Multilevel Analysis Utilizing Data from the 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS)

Introduction Understanding menstrual cycle knowledge (MCK), particularly the ovulatory period, is crucial for women's reproductive health, informing family planning decisions and overall well-being. Global research indicates low MCK, especially in developing nations like Somalia, contributing to negative outcomes like unintended pregnancies. This study examines the magnitude and determinants of ovulatory period knowledge among young Somali women. Methods We conducted a multilevel binary logistic regression analysis using data from the 2020 Somalia Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS) on a weighted sample of 4,979 young women aged 15–49. Results Only 21.83% of young women in Somalia demonstrated accurate knowledge of the ovulatory period. Significant positive predictors included older age, higher educational attainment, rural residence, higher household wealth, and having heard about family planning on the radio. Discussion The low MCK prevalence highlights an urgent need for improved reproductive health information and education access in Somalia. Key strategies should include investing in female education, utilizing diverse media channels for dissemination, and developing targeted interventions, especially for nomadic communities. Conclusion Empowering women with knowledge about their reproductive health is vital. Policymakers must prioritize expanding quality education access, leveraging media effectively, and addressing socioeconomic factors to improve reproductive health outcomes and foster a more equitable future.