Chronic lower back pain and its impact on health-related quality of life among undergraduate students of Gulu University, Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Background Chronic lower back pain (CLBP) is a common health problem that affects both young and old individuals worldwide and remains a significant global public health concern. However, studies concerning the prevalence of CLBP among undergraduate students are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with CLBP and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among undergraduate students at Gulu University, Uganda. Methods Between October and November 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires. CLBP was defined as non-specific lower back pain lasting more than 12 weeks or more. The Oswestry Disability Index was used to evaluate disability associated with CLBP, and the EuroQoL-5D-5 L was used to evaluate HRQoL (higher scores indicate better HRQoL). Results We enrolled 394 participants, 79.2% (n = 312) were males, with a median age of 23 (IQR: 22–24) years. The prevalence of CLBP was 20.6% (n = 81), and 66.8% (n = 263) of the participants were younger than 24 years. With respect to HRQoL scores (median [IQR]), both overall health (0.83 (0.75–0.9) versus 0.67 (0.61–0.78), p < 0.001) and self-reported health (80 (65–90) versus 65 (50–80), p < 0.001) were worse in participants with CLBP than in those without CLBP. Conclusions Approximately one in every five participants had CLBP. CLBP is a highly prevalent health problem among students at Gulu University, with a significantly negative impact on their daily life.