Trends and the Associated Factors of Female Genital Mutilation in Kenya： A Study Based on Demographic and Health Survey

ABSTRACT Introduction: Female genital mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a global health issue that has severe social and psychological consequences for women and girls. In Kenya, the prevalence of FGM/C varies by area and time. This study investigates the trends of FGM/C and the associated factors among reproductive-aged women in Kenya through four waves of Kenya Demographic Health Surveys (KDHS) from 2003 to 2022. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional study using data from the KDHS from 2003 to 2022. The study sample included 2003 (n=8175), 2008-09 (n=8442), 2014 (n=14621), and 2022 (n=16721) for women of reproductive age (15-49). Descriptive analysis was used to summarise the trend and prevalence of FGM/C. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of FGM/C. The level of significance was set at p-value < 0.05, at 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of FGM/C among women of productive age in Kenya decreased from 32.2% in 2003 to 14.8% in 2022. Age, region, type of place of residence, education, religion, and wealth index were found to be significantly associated with FGM/C. Being Muslim (aOR=16.12; 95% CI:8.29-31.25) and attending higher education (aOR =0.15; 95% CI: 0.10-0.24) were factors that affected the prevalence of FGM/C. Conclusion: FGM/C prevalence in Kenya significantly decreased from 2003 to 2018, with further reduction expected, especially among younger age groups. Women's education plays a crucial role in this decline and should be prioritized in efforts to eliminate the practice. A multifaceted strategy addressing root causes is recommended.