Co-producing climate change adaptation indicators with small Norwegian municipalities

Co-production of knowledge (CPK) enables wider inclusion of stakeholders in shaping research, contributing knowledge, and creating solutions. This study evaluates a co-production of knowledge process with ten small to medium-sized Norwegian municipalities aimed at developing a relevant and usable set of climate change adaptation indicators tailored to diverse municipal contexts. The effectiveness of the implemented CPK approach is assessed through a combination of qualitative and quantitative metrics that evaluate both the process itself and the degree to which the anticipated outcomes were realized. Significant challenges emerged around municipal resource allocation, sustaining engagement, and effective communication—especially in digital formats. Nonetheless, internal collaboration improved in many municipalities, and the project helped raise awareness and understanding of CCA. Recommendations for successful CPK with small local authorities include anchoring the CPK in the participating organisations, ensuring continuity, tailoring activities to resource constraints, fostering cross-participant mentorship, and supporting long-term network building.