Anatomical Insights and Clinical Implications of the Persistent Trigeminal Artery: A Cadaveric Study Utilizing Latex Injection Techniques

Introduction : The persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is a rare embryonic anastomosis connecting the internal carotid and basilar arteries. It persists in some individuals, with potential clinical implications, including cerebrovascular events and cranial nerve compression syndromes. Understanding the anatomical details of the PTA is crucial for neurosurgical planning and intervention, as its presence can alter hemodynamics and affect surgical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This cadaveric study utilized a latex injection technique on a single male cadaver specimen. The brain was carefully extracted, and a seven-step brain injection technique was performed to visualize the PTA. Microsurgical dissection followed, documenting the PTA's origin, course, branching patterns, and anatomical relationships. Measurements were recorded using digital calipers, and high-resolution images were taken for analysis. Results: The PTA was identified originating from the posterior bend of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery. It coursed posterolaterally into the posterior cranial fossa, bifurcating into medial and lateral branches. Variations included slight tortuosity near its origin. The medial branch contributed to the posterior circulation, while the lateral branch supplied the superior cerebellar artery. These findings offer detailed insights into the PTA's anatomy, enhancing the understanding of its clinical significance. Conclusion: This study enhances the anatomical understanding of PTA, highlighting its clinical significance in neurosurgical planning and intervention. Further research with larger samples is needed to generalize these findings.