Global, regional, and national burden of gynecological diseases, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background Gynecological diseases exert a significant influence on women's health throughout their lives. These conditions can lead to both physical and psychological distress in women and may also adversely affect their daily and family lives. Methods Data on the prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and mortality due to gynecological diseases were retrieved from the GBD study 2021 for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. The counts and age-standardized rates (per 100 ,000) are presented, along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in prevalence, incidence, DALY and mortality rates for total gynecological diseases and its subtypes from 1990 to 2021 were computed using linear regression analysis to examine secular trends. Results Globally, the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of gynecological diseases changed from 38464.52 (95% UI: 35074.96, 41639.33) per 100,000 women in 1990 to 37750.54 (34405.04, 40970.48) per 100,000 women in 2021 (EAPC=-0.09), the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) changed from 19845.39 (17240.30, 22479.96) per 100,000 women in 1990 to 18836.41 (16468.62, 21225.90) per 100,000 women in 2021 (EAPC=-0.26), the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) changed from 727.74 (511.70, 1009.23) per 100,000 women in 1990 to 678.64 (474.94, 947.95) per 100,000 women in 2021 (EAPC=-0.31), the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) changed from 0.2 (0.16, 0.29) per 100,000 women in 1990 to 0.21 (0.15, 0.24) per 100,000 women in 2021 (EAPC = 0.2). Low SDI countries had the highest ASRP [40164.16, (36843.68,43308.06) per 100,000], ASIR [23702.50, (20505.89, 26699.26) per 100,000], ASDR [861.52 (612.16,1180.93) per 100,00], and ASMR [0.54 (0.35, 0.71) per 100,000] in 2021. The middle SDI countries had the lowest ASPR [36872.20 (33434.97,40173.15) per 100,000], ASIR [17168.96 (14932.05, 19318.55) per 100,000], and ASDR [624.54 (434.72, 882.25) per 100,000]. High SDI regions had the lowest ASMR [0.06 (0.05, 0.06) per 100,000]. Conclusions In 2021, the global prevalence rate, incidence rate, and DALY rate of gynecological diseases exhibited a modest decline in comparison to 1990, whereas the mortality rate underwent a slight elevation. Female individuals of varying ages, regions, and SDI levels confronted diverse burdens stemming from gynecological diseases.