Mortality Risk Factors and Clinical Profiles of Pediatric Adenovirus Pneumonia: A Study from a Comprehensive Hospital in Northeast China

Adenovirus pneumonia (ADVP) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). This study analyzes the clinical characteristics and key risk factors for mortality in children with ADVP admitted to a PICU in Northeast China. A total of 91 cases were reviewed, with a focus on clinical features, laboratory results, and radiological findings. In Northeast China, the incidence of ADVP peaked in autumn (34.1%) and winter (38.5%), with a PICU mortality rate of 22.9% in winter. The median onset age was 2.6 years, and the overall PICU mortality rate was 13.19%. Mortality was notably higher among children aged ≤ 2 years and those with a history of preterm birth. Clinical markers such as carbon dioxide retention, a low P/F ratio, hypoalbuminemia, elevated LDH levels, and pleural effusion were associated with increased mortality. Logistic regression identified age ≤ 2 years (OR: 24.542, 95% CI: 1.443 ~ 417.42), preterm birth (OR: 36.107, 95% CI: 1.444 ~ 903.032), and a P/F ratio < 300 mmHg (OR: 19.725, 95% CI: 1.539 ~ 252.808) as independent risk factors for mortality. These findings highlight the need for early risk identification and targeted interventions in high-risk pediatric groups to improve outcomes.