The expression changes endothelial and fibrinolytic biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke patients with OSA

Objective To assess the expression changes of serum fibrinogen, E-selectin, and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with varying degrees of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), and evaluate their value in diagnosing AIS with OSA. Methods Data were gathered from 80 patients with AIS who were admitted to the First Hospital of Jilin University between January 2023 and December 2023. Out of these, 60 patients completed the NIHSS Scale, ESS Scale, STOP-Bang Scale, and underwent polysomnography within a week of symptom onset. Based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score, patients were categorized into three groups: 15 in the non-exposed group (AHI < 5), 15 in the mildly exposed group (5 ≤ AHI ≤ 15), and 30 in the moderately to severely exposed group (AHI > 15). Serum levels of fibrinogen, E-selectin, and t-PA were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Polysomnography results indicated AIS with OSA had an increased arousal index and oxygen desaturation index (P < 0.001). Additionally, serum levels of fibrinogen, E-selectin, and t-PA were markedly elevated in the moderately-severely exposed group compared to the non-exposed group (P < 0.001), and these levels positively correlated with the severity of OSA. ROC curves showed the sensitivities of serum of fibrinogen, E-selection, and t-PA was 84.4%, 80%, and 82.2%, respectively, and the specificities of 60%, 66.7%, and 66.7%, compared with that of PSG respectively. Conclusion The expression of serum fibrinogen, E-selectin, and t-PA is elevated in AIS with OSA and correlates with the severity of OSA.