Risk Factors and Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

Objective To investigate the incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and associated risk factors in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Methods The clinical data of DFU patients hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2023 were analyzed, including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, complications, laboratory tests (such as blood routine test, biochemistry, coagulation, glycosylated hemoglobin). Patients were divided into groups according to the presence or absence of DVT. And t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or chi-squared test were used to screen the relevant factors for the occurrence of DVT in patients with DFU, and logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for the occurrence of DVT in patients with DFU. Results 471 patients with DFU were finally included in this study, and the incidence of DVT was 8.91% (42/471). When the collected data were analyzed for differences, there was a statistical difference between the DFU combined with DVT group and the group without DVT in terms of age, smoking history, diabetic foot site, diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower limbs, absolute value of lymphocytes, erythrocytes, blood potassium, total protein and fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05). One-way logistic regression analyses were performed with whether DFU was combined with DVT as the dependent variable and the above statistically different risk factors as independent variables. Factors that were significant in the univariate analysis (age, smoking history, diabetic foot site, diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower limbs, erythrocytes, total protein, fasting blood glucose, and potassium) were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years, anterior tibial diabetic foot site, diabetic retinopathy and elevated blood potassium were independent risk factors for DVT complicating DFU (p < 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of DVT was significantly higher in patients with DFU, And age, anterior tibial diabetic foot site, combined diabetic retinopathy, and elevated blood potassium were independent risk factors for DVT complicated by DFU (p < 0.05).