Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of m1A Genes in Periodontitis and Diabetes: Identifying Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers

Periodontitis (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are common chronic diseases with an established bidirectional relationship. This study investigates the expression patterns and regulatory roles of m1A-modified genes in PD and T2DM, aiming to explore potential molecular mechanisms, and evaluate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers.Transcriptomic data for PD and T2DM patients were integrated from GEO to analyze m1A-related gene expression. A diagnostic model was developed using ridge and logistic regression. Gene function enrichment, immune infiltration, and PPI analyses explored m1A regulatory mechanisms based on m1A scoring and patient clustering models. And the expression of specific genes was further validated by qRT-PCR. Differential expression of m1A-related genes was significant in PD and T2DM, with BMT2 downregulated in both and RRP8 upregulated in T2DM. RRP8 and ALKBH3 had high predictive value in the diagnostic model. Immune infiltration and PPI analyses indicated marked differences in immune cell infiltration between disease groups. Hub genes MAK16 and DDX18 were associated with T cell activity and immune infiltration, suggesting relevance to the PD-T2DM relationship. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the potential use of m1A-modified genes as diagnostic biomarkers for both conditions. Additional research is necessary to confirm these mechanisms and explore their clinical applicability.