Investigating Percentage Depth Dose Curves in Proton Therapy: A Monte Carlo Geant4 Study on Beam Axis Behavior in Phantoms with Varied Clinical PTO Objects

This study examines the accuracy of percentage depth dose (PDD) curves in proton therapy using Monte Carlo simulations through the Geant4 toolkit, focusing on beam axis behavior in various phantom models with clinical Proton Therapy Objects (PTOs). Proton therapy’s efficacy relies on precise dose distribution, especially in heterogeneous tissues that vary in density and atomic composition. Through simulated experiments, this research compares PDD curves across different PTO configurations to evaluate how these variations influence dose delivery accuracy. The findings aim to inform proton therapy optimization for enhanced clinical outcomes.