The impact of fused deposition modeling nozzle types on the structure of 3D printed f-fibers

The process of 3D printing is significantly affected by a multitude of adjustable parameters that influence the structure and quality of printed samples. This article aims to investigate the variances in the performance capabilities of nozzles utilized in FDM 3D printers, while also examining the effects of slicer settings and technical methodologies governing filament extrusion. The study explores how the structural design and material composition of these nozzles impact their usual operational efficiency (with PLA) or capacity to print with abrasive materials (TPU + CF). Our evaluation benchmark was established to attain the minimum line width of extrudate (f-fiber), while preserving a consistent physical nozzle diameter. The f-fibers were scrutinized according to various criteria, such as morphology, thermal dependence, extrusion speed, and so on. Our methodological approach entailed formulating hypotheses for each assessment criteria prior to conducting experiments, thereby enabling us to present results as responses to these hypotheses.