The Association between Different Fatty Acid Subtypes Intake and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective This study aims to explore the relationship between various fatty acids (FAs) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population and ethnic heterogeneity. Methods A cross-sectional study using NHANES data from 2009 to 2018. Complex sampling multivariate logistic analysis for the relationship between FAs intake and CKD risk. Complex sampling RCS plot assesses dose-response correlation. Complex sampling linear regression model analyzes correlation between FAs intake and renal injury/inflammation indicators. Stratified analysis for result consistency. Subgroup analysis for heterogeneous variables to explore result differences. Results 23,708 individuals were included, 18.31% (4,340/23,708) had CKD. Per standard deviation (per-SD) increase in intakes of SFAs (16:0, 18:0), MUFAs (18:1, 20:1 and 22:1), and PUFAs (18:2, 18:3 and 20:4) were independently associated with the risk of CKD. As the intake levels of these FAs increased, the risk of CKD decreased. Stratified analysis results revealed ethnic heterogeneity in the relationship between the intakes of such FAs as SFAs (16:0, 18:0), MUFAs (18:1, 20:1), and PUFAs (18:2, 18:3 and 20:4) and the risk of CKD. Subgroup analysis results showed that the relationship between the increased intakes of SFAs (16:0, 18:0), MUFAs (18:1, 20:1), and PUFAs (18:2, 18:3 and 20:4) and the decreased risk of CKD was more significant in non-Hispanic whites. Conclusion The increased intake of SFAs (16:0, 18:0), MUFAs (18:1, 20:1 and 22:1), and PUFAs (18:2, 18:3 and 20:4) is associated with a decreased risk of CKD in the general population, and this relationship is more significant in Hispanic whites.