Transcriptomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes and Immune Infiltration Characteristics in Psoriasis Patients

Psoriasis, a chronic and recurring disease, has a strong link to lipid metabolism. This study aims to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their functional pathways associated with psoriasis to uncover new therapeutic targets. We leveraged GEO datasets for DEGs analysis in psoriasis. GSEA, GSVA, WGCNA, & ssGSEA probed lipid metabolism genes' roles in psoriasis processes & immune changes. An RBP-mRNA network illuminated post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Our findings revealed 3,839 DEGs, with 1,775 upregulated and 2,064 downregulated genes in psoriatic samples compared to controls. GSEA highlighted significant enrichment of immune-related pathways such as the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. WGCNA identified a black module strongly positive correlated with lipid metabolism containing 151 genes (r = 0.9216, p < 0.05). Enrichment analysis pointed to fatty acid metabolism and peroxisome pathways as critical in disease pathogenesis. Hub genes like AACS, HSD11B1 and GATA6 demonstrated high diagnostic potential with area under the ROC curve values exceeding 0.85. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significant differences in 27 types of immune cells between psoriasis and healthy control groups. Those findings provided a comprehensive molecular landscape of psoriasis, identifying potential new targets for therapeutic intervention and enhancing our understanding of the disease's underlying mechanisms.