Unraveling Predictors of Reading Difficulties in EFL 6th Graders: Insights from latent profile analysis and multinomial logistic regression

This study examines predictors of reading difficulties in 6th-grade EFL students via latent profile analysis (LPA) and multinomial logistic regression. Six profiles were identified, including the Disinterested in English Group, which faces severe reading challenges due to a poor home English environment (HEE), low parental support (PS), minimal English exposure, and low interest; the English Necessity Recognition Group, which struggles despite understanding English’s importance; the Excellent Parental Support Group, which experiences nonword reading issues despite strong PS and HEE; and the Excellent English Environment Group, which has the best reading outcomes. The key predictors of reduced reading difficulty are a robust HEE, high English exposure, and genuine interest. The study highlights the need for integrating supportive factors, such as improving HEE and PS, and emphasizing phonics education to enhance reading skills and motivation. Future research should explore additional variables and diverse populations.