The Efficacy of Home-Based Exercise in Parkinson Patients compared to center-based exercise regarding the Motor and Non Motor Functions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease behind Alzheimer's disease (AD), with an overall prevalence of 300 per 100,000. It is characterized by several motor symptoms, including rhythmic tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, and postural instability and falls. Despite this, there is still a lack of knowledge on whether home-based exercises can effectively prevent the risk of falls in Parkinson's patients. We are conducting a study to summarize and highlight the latest findings on the effectiveness of home-based exercise in Parkinson's disease. Background: To study the efficacy of home based exercise compared to control for Parkinson’s disease. Methods: PubMed was systematically searched from inception to may 3, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of home based exercise in Parkinson’s disease were included. The extracted data were transformed and pooled using a random effects model. 33 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Results: Pooled analysis demonstrated that exercise significantly improved Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (-0.29; 95% CI: -0.49, -0.09) compared to the control. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the exercise group and the control group for Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part-III (UPDRS) (-0.26; 95% CI: -0.54, 0.01), Timed up and go test (TUG) (-0.26; 95% CI: -0.70, 0.18), Berg Balance Scale (-0.70; 95% CI: -1.69, 0.28), 6-minute walking test (0.15; 95% CI: -0.12, 0.42), step cadence (0.54; 95% CI: -0.80, 1.88), gait (0.54; 95% CI: -0.02, 1.11), self-reported falls (-0.88; 95% CI: -2.77, 1.02), Geriatric depression scale (-0.44; 95% CI: -1.06, 0.18), MMSE (mini-mental state examination) (-0.11; 95% CI: -0.32, 0.10), and MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) (-0.06; 95% CI: -0.26, 0.14). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that exercise is effective in Parkinson’s disease. However, future research is warranted to substantiate our findings and investigating the motor symptoms more.