Stachys tibetica derived silver nanoparticles: A robust multifunctional material for enhanced biological activity and photocatalytic properties

Stachys tibetica , a significant medicinal plant was collected from Ladakh (India) and subjected to extraction. The extract was titrated with AgNO ₃ at 50ºC to obtain silver nanoparticles with plant extract acts as a reducing and capping agent. The eco-friendly synthetic procedure utilizes the phytochemicals in Stachys tibetica , ensuring a sustainable and non-toxic approach to nanoparticle production. The characterization of the silver nanoparticles was conducted using various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was utilized to examine the surface morphology, revealing the irregular and rugged spherical shape of the synthesized nanoparticles. Stachys tibetica -derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) act as a versatile and robust multifunctional material with proficient bioactivity and catalytic properties. The synthesized silver nanoparticles displayed effective antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against Bacillus Cereus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, and S.Aeureus . Additionally, the green nanoparticles degraded Rhodamine-B under sunlight irradiation within 1 hour at a rate constant of 0.066 min ^− 1 .