Multi-party verifiable blind quantum computation protocol with mutual authentication

Most existing blind quantum computation protocols involve a client and a server or multiple servers. The case of multiple clients needs to be explored as well, but it becomes less secure as more people are involved. Authentication helps to solve the problem by enabling clients and servers to verify each other’s identity. In this paper, a multi-party verifiable blind quantum computation protocol with mutual authenti-cation is proposed which consists of three phases. Firstly, we improve the method for generating keys. Based on this, a deterministic method is proposed to generate authentication keys. Then, the client and the server perform mutual authentication. Finally, the only requirement for the client is to perform the gate S to accomplish the quantum computing task. The proposed protocol can resist both insider and outsider attacks, ensuring the legitimacy of clients and servers in a quantum network. The protocol further also limits the client’s quantum power and allows the client to verify the accuracy of the calculation results.