Retrospective study on the characteristics of common urogenital tract pathogens in Beijing

Background: This study aims to investigate the infection status of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) among male and female patients in Beijing, with the objective of providing a foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A comprehensive collection of 7,373 urine and vaginal swab samples was obtained from male and female patients admitted to the China-Japan Friendship Hospital between December 2019 and March 2024. The detection of MG-RNA, CT-RNA, NG-RNA, and UU-RNA was performed using a real-time fluorescent nucleic acid isothermal amplification assay (SAT). Subsequently, the infection status was analyzed across different variables, including sex, age, and diagnosis. Results: The overall positive detection rates for MG, CT, NG, and UU among all patients were 2.70% (199/7373), 3.76% (277/7373), 1.84% (136/7373), and 21.99% (1621/7373), respectively. Notably, the detection rate of UU was significantly higher compared to the other three pathogens, with the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.01). Among male patients, the infection rates for MG, CT, NG, and UU were 2.76% (173/6268), 3.72% (233/6268), 1.99% (125/6268), and 16.16% (1013/6268), respectively. In females, the infection rates for MG, CT, NG, and UU were 2.35% (26/1105), 3.98% (44/1105), 1.00% (11/1105), and 55.02% (608/1105), respectively. The infection rate of UU in females was significantly higher than that in males, whereas the infection rate of NG was higher in males than in females. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: UU is the predominant infection of the urogenital tract in both male and female patients in the Beijing area. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance early screening and monitoring in clinical diagnosis and treatment, and to initiate early clinical intervention.