Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension among pensioners in Three Districts of Kigali City, Rwanda, 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Hypertension is escalating daily, presenting an increasing public health challenge in Rwanda. Despite aging being a significant contributor to Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs), the prevalence and contributing factors of hypertension among pensioners have not been adequately studied. Objective The study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and the factors associated with it among pensioners in three districts of Kigali City. Methods The study employed a cross-sectional, quantitative research design utilizing a multistage sampling method. Researchers included 220 participants from Kigali and collected data from July 5th to August 20th, 2023. They used a structured questionnaire to gather information, encompassing socio-demographic and behavioral data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with hypertension. Results Out of the 220 participants, 53.18% had hypertension, with men representing the majority at 65.81%. Individuals who tested positive for HIV/AIDS had 18.4 times higher odds of developing hypertension (adjusted OR: 18.405, 95% C.I = 3.228–104.93) compared to those without HIV/AIDS. Those diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus (DM) had 16.8 times higher odds of developing hypertension (adjusted OR: 16.873, 95% C.I = 1.591–178.84) compared to those without Diabetes mellitus (DM). Participants experiencing occasional stress at work had 2.9 times higher odds of developing hypertension (adjusted OR: 2.902, 95% C.I = 1.200-7.021) compared to those who never experienced stress at work. Those facing frequent stress at work (adjusted OR: 13.514, 95% C.I = 2.205–82.825) exhibited higher odds of developing hypertension. Conclusion The study identified a significant prevalence of hypertension among pensioners, associating HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and occupational stress as contributing factors. This underscores the need for widespread campaigns to emphasize HIV prevention, stress management, regular physical activity, and lifestyle changes.