Hemoptysis in a Complex Case: Unraveling Underlying Factors

Case presentation: A middle-aged female patient underwent right upper and middle lobe lung resection surgery seven years ago and has since experienced intermittent hemoptysis symptoms. Following chest examinations at our hospital, the patient was diagnosed with surgical ligation of the pulmonary artery. Concurrently, the patient has pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and bronchiectasis. Sequentially, the patient underwent bronchoscopy and percutaneous arterial embolization treatments at our hospital, but there was no improvement. Ultimately, surgical intervention was chosen. The mechanisms by which bronchial arteries, non-bronchial systemic arteries (NBSA), pulmonary aspergillosis, and pulmonary tuberculosis induce hemoptysis, along with strategies to address blood supply to the remaining lung post-pulmonary artery ligation, merit in-depth investigation. Conclusions: We deem this case exceptionally rare and of considerable research value; therefore, we conducted a thorough analysis and report.