Association of Frailty and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Permanent Pacemaker
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Background: Understanding quality of life status (QoL) is essential to know patient’s well being after pacemaker implantation. Most of the pacemaker’s recipients are elderly. Elderly patients have been associated with multiple comorbities that may interact one another with frailty is the major comorbid in elderly patients. However, there is not much known about the relationships of frailty and its associate factors towards patient’s quality of life status in pacemaker population. Aim: To analyze the association of frailty status and other factors such as age, gender, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, LVEF to QoL in bradyarrhythmic patients post permanent pacemaker implantation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in cardiovascular outpatient department at Cardiocerebrovascular Integrated Unit in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Frailty status was assessed with FI-40 score and quality of life was assessed with AQUAREL questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted with bivariate analysis and logistic regression to assess the interaction of risk factors to the quality of life. Results: There were 135 subjects, 68 (50.4%) people were men, aged 69 (64-78) years old, 64 (47.4%) people was a retiree, with 55 (40.9%) people had high school as education background. There were 101 (74.8%) people with a history of dual chamber permanent pacemaker implantation, with TAVB (40.7%) and SND (30.4%) as the most common etiology. The median duration of permanent pacemaker implantation was 4 (2-5.5) years. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, sex, LVEF, BMI, frailty status was associated with all domain in AQUAREL questionnaire [8.934 (95%CI: 2.66-30.02) for dyspnea domain, 21.56 (95%CI: 5.09-91.33) for chest dyscomfort domain, and 19.78 (95%CI: 4.93-79.43) for arryhthmia domain]. Conclusion: Frailty status was associated with quality of life in elderly bradyarrhythmic patients post permanent pacemaker implantation in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital.
