Analysis of exposure status and influencing factors of sharp injury at a third-class specialist hospital in 2019-2022

Objective To learn the current situation of medical staff's exposure to sharp injuries in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu, analyze its influencing factors, improve the awareness of protection, and reduce the risk of exposure to sharp injuries. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the data related to occupational exposure in a top-three hospital from 2019 to 2022. This study carried out statistical description, single factor analysis and multi-factor analysis from the aspects of gender, years of service, occupation, exposure department and so on. Results From 2019 to 2022, 151 cases of occupational exposure and 115 cases (76.16%) of sharp injuries occurred in the hospital. There were significant differences in age ( P  < 0.001), years of service ( P  = 0.04) and years of exposure ( P  = 0.02), but no statistically significant differences among medical personnel in occupation ( P  = 0.52), exposure location ( P  = 0.52) and exposure department ( P  = 0.59). The results of multi-factor analysis showed that: Medical personnel with 1 to 5 years of service had a lower risk of sharp injuries than those with less than 1 year of service (OR = 0.26, 95% CI : 0.09 ~ 0.76). In 2021, when the COVID-19 epidemic is high, the risk of sharp injuries among medical personnel is higher than that of medical personnel in 2019 (OR = 4.32, 95% CI : 1.23 ~ 18.25). In addition, the main exposure site of sharp instrument injury was the hand, and the blood pathogen of the source patients was mostly HBV. Sharp injuries mainly occur after needle removal, when sorting items and in the process of treating patients. The medical workers who had occupational exposure were followed up, and no cases of infection due to occupational exposure were found. Conclusion The hospital should strengthen occupational protection training and standardize occupational operations for medical staff with short working years Pay attention to the physical and mental health of medical personnel and strengthen training during the outbreak of emergencies to effectively reduce the incidence of sharp injuries.