Incidence and Predictors of Mortality Among Persons With Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, and HIV, Mozambique (2015-2020)

Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (DRTB) is associated with a high risk of mortality during treatment. This study aims to describe the incidence and baseline characteristics associated with mortality in persons with drug resistance tuberculosis (P-DRTB) in a rural setting, in Mozambique. We analyzed cohort data collected retrospectively from paper medical files and electronic medical records of persons with DRTB (P-DRTB) who were routinely treated at Carmelo Hospital of Chokwe (Gaza province, Mozambique), from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2020. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and adjusted Cox regression analyses were used to model the time to death and associated factors of mortality. Overall, 151 P-DRTB contributed to a total number of 1812 person-months (PM) of treatment follow-up. The overall mortality rate was 1.9 per 100 person-months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–2.1). Adjusted Cox regression predicted higher risk of mortality in those treated with DRTB injectable SLD, (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.72, 95% CI 1.23–11.22, p = 0.020), had a parenchymal lesion with more than 50% fibrosis (aHR 3.06, 95% CI 1.38–6.79, p = 0.006), presented right ventricular dysfunction on the venous cardio ultrasound (aHR 3.18, 95% CI 1.15–8.83, p = 0.026), and manifested baseline hemoglobin (Hgb) = 8.0–9.9 g/dL as well Hgb < 7.9 g/dL (aHR 2.82, 95% CI 1.09–7.27, p = 0.032; aHR 3.06, 95%CI 1.24–7 .51, p = 0.015) respectively. However, lower risk of mortality was predicted in those who had an optimal immunovirological response to ART (aHR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04–0.93, p = 0.040). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed higher cumulative incidence of mortality after 3 months of follow-up, above 26% in those with immunovirological failure to ART therapy p = 0.006), 45% with Hgb < 7.9g/dL (p < 0.001), 23% in treated with injectables-based drugs (p = 0.03), 39% with parenchymal lesion > 50% fibrosis on the chest X-ray (test p = < 0.001), 56% with right ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.003). Mortality risk among P-DRTB was higher in those with anemia, injectable DRTB medications, lung lesions > 50% fibrosis, and right ventricular dysfunction.