Effects of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Training on the Core Muscle Contractility and Standing Postural Control in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) usually demonstrated poor postural control due to impaired core muscle function. Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) is based on developmental kinesiology principles, utilizing infant motor patterns to treat motor disorders. DNS has been shown to improve postural control in cerebral palsy patients by activating core muscle. Conventional core exercises were able to enhance core muscle contractility and postural control in cLBP patients. However, whether the DNS approach is superior for enhancing core muscle contractility and postural control in cLBP patients still remains unclear. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of DNS on core muscle contractility and standing postural control in cLBP patients. Methods Sixty cLBP patients were randomly assigned to a DNS group or a control group. Participants in the DNS group received DNS training, while those in the control group completed conventional core exercises. Both groups completed 12 sessions over 4 weeks (3 sessions/week, 50 minutes/session). Pre- and post-intervention evaluations included diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound to assess change rate of core muscles (transversus abdominis (TrA), lumbar multifidus, and diaphragm), using a balance assessment system to evaluate postural control performance (center of pressure displacement (COP)) in an upright standing position, and clinical questionnaires (Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ)) for the pain intensity and disability. Results After 4 weeks, comparisons between both groups revealed significant statistical differences in the interaction effects of time*group. These differences were observed in the change rates of the left and right TrA (F _1,58 =4.820 and 3.964, p  = 0.032 and 0.041), diaphragm change rate (F _1,58 =11.945, p  = 0.001), as well as COP velocity (F _1,58 =5.283, p  = 0.025), variability (F _1,58 =13.189, p  = 0.001) in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction, COP path length (F _1,58 =6.395, p  = 0.014), and COP area (F _1,58 =5.038, p  = 0.029) in the eye-close condition. DNS participants showed significantly greater muscle change rates and reduced COP ( p  < 0.05). The scores of VAS (F _1,58 =173.929, p  = 0.001), ODI (F _1,58 =60.871, p  = 0.001), and RDQ (F _1,58 =60.015, p  = 0.001) decreased significantly over time, although no differences in the interaction effects of time*group were found between both groups ( p  > 0.05). Conclusions DNS is superior to conventional core exercises in enhancing core muscle contractility and standing postural control in cLBP patients, showing potential to reduce pain and improve disability. Its mechanism may involve the enhancement of proprioceptive feedback, particularly when visual feedback is blocked. Trial registration This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) with the registration number ChiCTR2300074595 on 10 August 2023.