Exploring Waist-to-Hip Ratio and Health Risks: Insights from NFHS-5 on Trends, Patterns, and Predictors among the Indian Population

Introduction: With a rising trend in obesity rates, particularly among young adults, understanding factors contributing to abdominal obesity is crucial for public health interventions. The study explores the significance of the Waist-to-Hip Ratio [WHR], focusing on the regional trends of abdominal obesity and associated factors. Methods: The study made use of information from the National Family Health Survey 5, an extensive household survey which was conducted out in all of India's states and union territories.Socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, residence type, wealth index, and lifestyle factors were considered as independent variables. Descriptive statistics were used in statistical analysis along with chi-square tests, and logistic regression to identify predictors of increased WHR. Results: Abdominal obesity, as indicated by WHR, was prevalent in 57.6% of the population, with 51.2% of males and 58.4% of females exhibiting high WHR values. Regional trends showed higher prevalence in the northern region of India. Significant correlations between WHR and variables such age, wealth index, type of dwelling, alcohol intake, and comorbid conditions were found by bivariate and regression analysis.Age and BMI were linked to increase WHR, and those with elevated blood pressure had a 1.24 times higher risk of increased WHR in contrast to people who have ideal Blood pressure. Conclusion: The study emphasizes how critical it is to implement focused interventions in order to reduce India's rate of abdominal obesity. By comprehending the intricate relationship between lifestyle and socio demographic factors that impact WHR, public health initiatives can be customized to reduce the health hazards linked to central adiposity.