Public sector pharmaceutical distribution system and its challenges: a case of a central EPSS and selected branches

Background The purpose of pharmaceutical distribution is to ensure a consistent supply of quality-assured pharmaceuticals to service delivery points to avoid stock outs and/or overstocks. However, choosing a resource-efficient method is difficult because of the two competing interests of lowering distribution costs and improving service level. This study aimed to assess the public sector pharmaceutical distribution system and its challenges in central EPSS and selected branches. Methods This study was conducted in the Central EPSS and four regional branches from December 2021 to February 2022. A concurrent parallel mixed methods design was employed. A total of 102 respondents participated in the quantitative part and were analyzed in SPSS 23 via descriptive statistics. Seventeen key informants participated in the qualitative study. Qualitative data were analyzed manually through thematic analysis using inductive approach. Results Warehouse management was well performed in relative to inventory management and delivery practice. The qualitative study identified insufficient stock, off-schedule delivery, providing near expiry product, and vehicle constraints as major challenges. Conclusions This study revealed that improving warehousing, inventory management, and delivery practice and addressing major challenges could result in effective pharmaceutical distribution.