Biofabricated SnO2 Nanoparticles derived from Leaves Extract of Morinda citrifolia and Pandanus amaryllifolius for Photocatalytic Degradation

This study investigates the biofabrication of SnO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing leaf extracts from Morinda citrifolia and Pandanus amaryllifolius for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). The synthesis method integrates tin chloride pentahydrate with the leaf extracts, followed by calcination. Comprehensive characterization via FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of SnO₂ NPs, revealing distinct morphological and crystalline properties. Photocatalytic tests demonstrated that SnO₂ NPs derived from M. citrifolia achieved a superior degradation rate of 97%, compared to 80% from P. amaryllifolius , with optimal activity under neutral pH. Radical scavenger experiments identified electrons as the primary active species. Reusability tests indicated a gradual decline in efficiency over five cycles, demonstrating its stability. These findings underscore the potential of biofabricated SnO₂ NPs as sustainable and efficient solutions for dye-polluted water remediation, offering a promising avenue for environmental conservation and resource management.