Sex Differences in Cardiac Remodeling after Kidney Transplantation

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent causes of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. Patients with chronic kidney disease have heart remodeling manifested by left ventricular hypertrophy , left atrial enlargement, diastolic and systolic dysfunction. After kidney transplantation there is reverse remodeling of the changes. Male and female hormones modify this remodeling. The aim of the study is to know the remodeling changes of the heart after kidney transplant according to the sex. Methods: A prospective study was carried out with follow-up at 3 and 6 months, included patients in the kidney transplant protocol sent to the Cardiology service to those who underwent an echocardiogram and laboratory shots before the kidney transplantation and after 3 and 6 months. Statistical analysis: The patients were categorized according to sex as well as the follow-up of the echocardiographic parameters . The comparison of the different echocardiographic parameters was performed an analysis of variance of two factors (ANOVA) considering one sex factor and the other the follow-up time. A value of p< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 51 patients were studied, 19 women and 32 men (mean age of 31.16±9.83 vs 31.66± 9.63); p 0.86) years. The Left ventricular hypertrophy showed differences according to sex from baseline being higher in men with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) compared to women ( male 152.94±58.24 Vs women 103.89±29.94 g /m ² .; p=0.000) and at follow-up men presented a greater reduction in LVMI compared to women (p=0.000). The left atrial volume index was found to be langer at baseline in women compared to men (LAVI 45.18±29.77 Vs. 29.05± 9.30ml/m ² .;p=0.028) at follow-up the size reduction was significantly greater in women (p = 0.012 and according to follow-up p = 0.000). Conclusion: If there is a difference in remodeling , it reverses according to sex in the echocardiographic parameters.