Exploring the Link: Increased Prevalence of Periodontitis in Individuals with Psoriasis and Associated Risk Factors

Background: The association between periodontitis and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, has garnered increasing attention. This case-control study investigates the potential link between psoriasis and periodontitis, while also examining the impact of various risk factors on this relationship. Methods: A total of 364 participants were included in the study, with 183 diagnosed with psoriasis and 181 serving as controls. Comprehensive full-mouth periodontal examinations were conducted, assessing plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). The influence of risk factors was analyzed through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Psoriasis patients exhibited higher BMI, diabetes prevalence, anxiolytic/antidepressant use, and smoking rates compared to controls (all p < 0.05). Periodontal clinical parameters (PI, BOP, PD, CAL) were significantly worse in the psoriasis group (all p < 0.001). Psoriasis was associated with a higher prevalence of periodontitis (49.8% vs. 35.6%) and increased severity (p trend < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified significant associations between periodontitis and the number of teeth, smoking, and BMI (all p < 0.05), but psoriasis was not an independent predictor of periodontitis. The ROC curve of the model demonstrated 83.0% accuracy, with periodontal parameters excluded due to collinearity. Conclusions: This study reveals a higher prevalence of periodontitis in individuals with psoriasis, with severity influencing periodontitis prevalence. However, psoriasis was not an independent predictor of periodontitis in the multivariate analysis. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is warranted to confirm these findings.