Risk factors for postoperative thrombosis-related complications in patients who undergo meningioma surgery: A Chinese single-center, retrospective study

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) following surgical intervention for meningioma. Methods In this retrospective, observational study, we enrolled 9067 patients with histologically confirmed meningiomas who underwent surgical resection at our institution between January 2019 and June 2024. Demographic data (including gender, age, and geographic region) and information on postoperative complications (e.g., intracerebral hemorrhage, DVT, and PE) were documented and analyzed. The incidences of postoperative DVT and PE were also recorded. Risk factors for DVT and PE were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and restricted cubic splines. Results Among the 9067 included patients, 766 (8.4%) experienced DVT and 32 (0.35%) developed PE. Northeast China, North China, and East China were the top three regions with the highest prevalence of DVT/PE, and the three most affected provinces were Hebei, Shandong, and Inner Mongolia. Univariate logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines indicated that age was a significant contributing factor to the development of both DVT and PE. The risk of PE increased in patients aged 42–82 years, as follows: the odds ratio (OR) for PE increased from 1.001 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.000–1.002) at 42 years to 1.044 (95% CI: 1.001–1.088) at 82 years. The incidence of PE was 4.58 (95% CI: 1.37–15.33) times higher in patients aged ≥ 60 years vs < 40 years and 8.58 (95% CI, 1.02–72.03) times higher in those aged ≥ 80 years compared with the 40–60 years group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.06–1.08) and intracerebral hemorrhage (OR: 6.98; 95% CI: 3.75–13.00) as independent risk factors for DVT. In comparison, age (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.09) and DVT (OR: 20.21; 95% CI: 9.03–45.27) were risk factors for PE. Conclusions The incidences of DVT and PE following meningioma surgery were 8.4% and 0.4%, respectively, from 2019 to 2024. In addition to the specific age threshold of > 60 years, a broader age range (42–82 years) is also a risk factor for postoperative PE.