Models-based study of radiative Hybrid nanofluid flow over a vertical porous stretching cylinder

This research aims to develop and analyze different models, such as the Yamada-Ota, Xue, and Tiwari-Das models. The study examines how thermal radiation affects the flow of a mixture of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-MWCNT) in water over a vertical porous stretching cylinder with heat generation. The goal is to understand the impact of these models on thermal performance, boundary layer behavior, and heat transfer enhancement. The study offers valuable insights for optimizing industrial applications that involve advanced nanofluid cooling and heating systems. The governing momentum and energy conservation equations are formulated to include thermal radiation and heat generation terms. These equations are transformed using similarity transformations and solved numerically using the bvp4c method. A comparative analysis evaluates model performance, focusing on temperature distribution, velocity profiles, and heat transfer rates. The results are validated against existing literature to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the proposed models. Thermal radiation improves heat transfer; the Tiwari-Das model exhibits the highest thermal conductivity enhancement. Velocity profiles show a thicker boundary layer for the Yamada-Ota model, while the Xue model predicts higher heat generation effects.