The utility of individualized interactive 3D virtual models for improving patient and resident education in robotic partial nephrectomy

Introduction: Robotic partial nephrectomy (RAPN) requires careful planning due to high anatomical variability between patients presenting challenges during counseling on the surgery, anatomy, and risks. 3D digital modeling provides an opportunity to address this issue. Prior studies predominantly investigate the use of 3D printed models which have limitations including cost. This study seeks to assess the utility of an individualized interactive 3D virtual model for patient counseling and surgical trainee education for RAPN. Methods: Patient-specific virtual 3D models were derived from imaging of 32 patients to undergo RAPN at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between October 2023 and April 2024. Patients filled out surveys pre and post model exposure to assess their understanding of their kidney, pathology, the surgery, and its risks. Surgical trainees filled out pre and post model surveys and post-operative surveys to assess the impact of the model on surgical understanding and patient counseling. Results: Patient understanding of their kidney, pathology, and surgery all significantly improved after viewing the model (p < 0.05) Both patients and trainees found the model to be helpful (averaging > 9 out of 10) across all assessed domains of patient counseling and education. The model was not found to be significantly associated with improved trainee confidence in anatomy and surgical planning. Conclusion: This study shows that an interactive 3D virtual model is a useful adjunct to patient education prior to RAPN from both the patient and provider experience and can serve as a less resource-intensive alternative to 3D printed modeling for this application.