Spatial Analysis of Malaria Cases and Anopheles Species in East Java Region, Indonesia

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge worldwide, including in Indonesia, especially in East Java. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of malaria cases and Anopheles species that act as vectors in the area. Using an observational design with a cross-sectional approach, malaria case data were collected from the Provincial Health Office and public health centers documented in the malaria information system during the period 2021–2023. In addition, Anopheles larvae samples were taken from locations in each region in East Java. The results of the analysis show that the distribution of malaria cases is uneven, with hotspots identified in several coastal areas, mountains and cities, such as Malang, Trenggalek, and Batu. The presence of Anopheles species, especially An. sundaicus and An. maculatus, contributes to malaria transmission, with An. sundaicus more common in coastal areas and An. maculatus in valleys and rice fields. Environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall, as well as socio-economic factors, such as population density, affect the distribution of malaria. This study emphasizes the importance of an ecosystem-based approach in malaria control, as well as the need to improve access to health services and community education. These findings provide important insights for the development of more effective and sustainable health policies in malaria control efforts in East Java.