Silibinin Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Cell Migration by Targeting the Transforming growth factor-β Signaling Pathway in Osteosarcoma Cells

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and teenagers, followed by lymphomas and brain tumors. Silibinin, a flavonolignan mix from milk thistle, has anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-diabetic properties. It induces apoptosis in MG-63 cells.; Silibinin treatment of MG-63 cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability; for the MG-63 cell line, the growth-dependent rate peaked at 40μM/ml and 60μM/ml. Although studies involving Silibinin in various cancers were reported, the anticancer activity of Silibinin in human osteosarcoma has not been reported. Utilising MTT assay, morphological studies, and mode of cell death. Acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EtBr) dual labeling at the ideal dosage is followed by morphological examinations and a fluorescence microscopy examination of the labeled cells to identify apoptotic alterations and the mode of cell death. Utilising LDH assay, Scratch wound healing assay, and molecular docking. Silibinin promotes apoptosis in MG-63 cell lines and may be a target for treatment in people with osteosarcoma and it may also have a role in the development of osteosarcoma. At 60μM/ml of Silibinin concentration, the prevention of cell division and cell cycle arrest in MG-63 cells was examined. In the MG-63 cells, the impact of Silibinin on the apoptotic genes p53, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 was assessed. Silibinin promotes apoptosis in MG-63 cell lines and may be a target for treatment in people with osteosarcoma and it may also have a role in the development of osteosarcoma.