Rather than single habitat types,  habitat assemblages may significantly shape avian communities in urban fringe

Context: In the context of accelerated urbanization, comprehending the influence of habitat diversity and its dynamics on species is imperative for biodiversity conservation. Specifically, in urban fringe areas, the interactions among various habitat types substantially affect the composition and ecological resilience of avian communities. Nevertheless, the nuanced relationship between habitat assemblages and avian diversity remains unclear relative to studies focusing on single habitat types. Consequently, targeted research is essential to inform and enhance effective conservation practices. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the utilisation characteristics of habitat assemblages and seasonal changes in habitat assemblages by different avian communities in the urban fringe, in order to reveal the potential ecological mechanisms of habitat assemblage effects. Methods In Yinglong Lake Wetland Park, Chongqing, we conducted a year-long avian survey employing the line transect method, supplemented by high-resolution remote sensing imagery and field habitat survey data to classify habitat types and perform habitat mapping. Utilizing these data, we applied integrated statistical methods, including two-way clustering, to investigate the selection and utilization patterns of habitat assemblages by avian communities, with a particular focus on seasonal dynamics. Results The findings indicated that 60 species (60%) were present across multiple habitat types, with the greatest number of shared avian species (38) identified within the habitat assemblage of evergreen broadleaf forest (EF) and shrubbery(SH). A two-way clustering analysis categorized the avian species into 10 distinct groups, revealing significant differences in the utilization patterns of habitat assemblages among these communities. Furthermore, seasonal variation notably influenced the habitat utilization strategies of avian communities, especially during the breeding and migratory periods. Conclusions This study underscores the importance of diverse habitat assemblages and seasonal dynamics in supporting avian diversity in urban fringe areas. Based on our findings, we have developed targeted recommendations to enhance habitat construction and biodiversity conservation in these regions.