Global Burden of Parkinson’s Disease from 1990 to 2021: A Population-Based Study
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Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) has become a public health concern with global aging.With a focus on PD, this study sought to project its burden and trends at the national, regional, and worldwide levels between 1990 and 2021. Methods The Global Burden of Disease 2021 provided the PD burden data. The age-standardized rate (ASR) and annual percentage change (EAPC) were used to estimate trends in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of PD from 1990 to 2021. ASR was used to calculate the EAPCs using a linear regression model.A Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict future trends up to 2046. Results Globally, the overall ASR of the incidence, prevalence,DALYs and mortality of PD increased from 1990 to 2021, and their EAPCs were 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.11), 1.52(95CI:1.49–1.54),0.32 (95% CI: 0.28–0.36) and 0.18(95% CI: 0.13–0.23).The incidence, prevalence, mortality, DALYs, of PD in 2021 were all higher in men than in women.From 1990 to 2021, the burden in males consistently surpassed that in females, with the gender difference widening as age.The prevalence,incidence,DALYs and mortality rates of PD increased with age before declining, peaking in the 80–84 age group for prevalence and incidence ,while in the 90–94 age group for mortality. peaked in the 85–89 age group for DALY rates. The ASR of incidence and prevalence both increased pronouncedly in Norway (EAPC = 3.39,95% CI: 3.15–3.64),(EAPC = 5.04,95%CI: 4.65–5.43).Lesotho was the nation with the most rise in age-standardized DALYs for PD (EAPC = 1.67, 95%CI༚1.41–1.93).United Arab Emirates had the fastest increase in age-standardized mortality for PD (EAPC = 1.98,95%:1.24–2.71).The global ASPR of PD was projected to show a continuous upward trend. Conclusions From 1990 to 2019, there were rising trends in the prevalence and burden of PD in most areas and nations worldwide. Our research indicated that PD control and management needed to be improved, particularly in light of the population's propensity to age.
