Comparative Study on the Effects of High-Fat Diet and Capsicum Diet on the Digestive Organs of Guinea Pigs

Research Objective: To clarify the different effects of high-fat diet and capsicum diet on the digestive organs of guinea pigs. Experimental Methods: A total of 24 male Hartley guinea pigs were apportioned randomly and equally into three groups: the control group (n=8), the high-fat diet group (n=8), and the capsicum diet group (n=8). After 12 weeks of modeling, samples were collected from the abdominal aorta serum, liver, gallbladder, stomach, and colon. Biochemical analysis for the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Inflammatory markers in the serum, such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (H-E) was used to observe morphological changes in the liver, gallbladder, stomach, and colon tissues. Compared with the normal control group, both high-fat and capsicum diets significantly elevated blood lipid levels and inflammatory indexes in the serum of guinea pigs (P<0.01), with the effects being more pronounced in the high-fat diet group (P<0.001). Pathological results indicated that both high-fat and capsicum diets induce damage to the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and colon, with the high-fat diet showing particularly significant effects. Conclusion: Consuming high-fat and capsicum foods may induce damage to the digestive system, resulting in abnormal lipid metabolism.