Application of high-frequency ventilation combined with closed-loop automatic oxygen control therapy in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Objective In the realm of retrospective research, the researcher embarked on a comprehensive inquiry with the primary aim of assessing the effectiveness and safety of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in conjunction with closed-loop oxygen control for the management of severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in the pediatric population. The study population comprised 34 premature infants who had received a diagnosis of NRDS and were under the care of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Fujian Children's Hospital during the period spanning from April 2023 to January 2024. To facilitate a rigorous investigation, these participants were systematically stratified into two distinct cohorts, each adhering to specific treatment protocols. Method 17 premature infants who only received high-frequency ventilation as the control group and 17 premature infants who received high-frequency ventilation + closed-loop automatic oxygen control as the study group. The therapeutic effects and complications of the two groups were compared. Results The 2-hour “oxygen saturation of blood” and 4-hour “oxygen saturation of blood” in the control group were lower than those in the experimental group ( P < 0.05 ). The "PO2" of the control group after 1 day of treatment was higher than that of the experimental group ( P < 0.05 ).There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of VAP, pulmonary air leakage, pulmonary hemorrhage, grade III-IV intracranial hemorrhage, ROP, and BPD between the two groups ( P  > 0.05 ). It is noteworthy that the number of hypoxic interventions in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group, with a p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion The use of high-frequency ventilation + closed-loop automatic oxygen control in Premature infants with NRDS has a positive effect on reducing the occurrence of hypoxemia during treatment, which can significantly reduce the number of interventions when hypoxemia occurs. However, there is no significant difference in the occurrence of common long-term complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.