A clinical study on the quality of life and psychological and sleep status of vestibular migraine patients

Objective To explore the correlations and influencing factors between quality of life, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders in patients with vestibular migraine (VM) and chronic migraine (CM). Methods The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to survey 71 patients with VM, 95 patients with CM, and 49 healthy controls, comparing their quality of life; the presence of anxiety, depression and sleep disorders; and related risk factors. Results The MIDAS score of the CM group was significantly greater than that of the VM group (P < 0.05). In the VM group, 51 patients (71.8%) had comorbid anxiety, 55 patients (77.5%) had comorbid depression, and 63 patients (88.7%) had comorbid sleep disorders. In the CM group, 66 patients (69.5%) had comorbid anxiety, 51 patients (53.7%) had comorbid depression, and 86 patients (90.5%) had comorbid sleep disorders. In the normal control group, 13 patients (26.5%) had comorbid anxiety, 13 patients (26.5%) had comorbid depression, and 14 patients (28.6%) had comorbid sleep disorders. There were significant differences in HAMA, HAMD, and PSQI scores among the three groups (P < 0.05). The MIDAS scores of patients with comorbid anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders in both the VM and CM groups were significantly greater than those of patients without comorbidities (P < 0.05). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis revealed that in VM patients, the MIDAS score was positively correlated with increased attack frequency, poor sleep quality, and comorbid anxiety (P < 0.05); in CM patients, the MIDAS score was associated with disease duration, headache severity, attack frequency, sleep quality, and comorbid anxiety (P < 0.05). Conclusions The quality of life of VM patients is related to attack frequency, sleep quality, and comorbid anxiety, whereas the quality of life of CM patients is associated with disease duration, headache severity, attack frequency, sleep quality, and comorbid anxiety.