The Role of Ecotourism in Sustainable Development: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Ecotourism, as a form of sustainable tourism, has gained prominence for its potential to promote environmental conservation, economic growth, and cultural preservation. This systematic review explores the multifaceted impacts of ecotourism on sustainable development by analyzing 250 peer-reviewed studies published over the last 20 years. The methodology employed includes a comprehensive search of databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus, followed by a rigorous screening and quality assessment process based on established criteria. The findings indicate that ecotourism significantly contributes to environmental conservation through funding and awareness, although it can also pose challenges such as wildlife disturbance and habitat degradation if not properly managed. Economically, ecotourism creates jobs, supports local businesses, and funds conservation projects, while culturally, it aids in the preservation of heritage and promotes respect for indigenous practices. Effective governance and community involvement are critical for the success and sustainability of ecotourism initiatives. The review underscores the importance of policy development, capacity building, and robust monitoring systems to enhance the positive impacts of ecotourism. Future research should focus on detailed case studies, longitudinal analyses, and impact assessments to further understand and optimize the role of ecotourism in sustainable development.