physical activity Reduces the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Circadian Syndrome - A Cross- Sectional Study from the NHANES Database 2007-2018

Background Circadian syndrome (CircS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are closely associated with cardiovascular disease. physical activity has been proved to ameliorate the MetS, however, its association with CircS, as well as CircS comorbid MetS, is largely obscured. Objective To investigate the association between physical activity on MetS, CircS, and their comorbidity. Methods The associations and dose-response relationships between physical activity and MetS, CircS, and their comorbidity were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analyses. Results After adjusting for confounders, higher levels of physical activity were significantly associated with the risks of MetS, CircS, and the comorbidity (0.87 (0.77 ~ 0.99), p  = 0.034; 0.85 (0.74 ~ 0.98), p  = 0.027; and 0.87 (0.75 ~ 0.98), p  = 0.026).The results of RCS suggested that MetS risk decreases with the increase of physical activity ( p for overall < 0.001, p for nonlinear < 0.001), whereas CircS, and its comorbidity of MetS, shown a nonlinear trend from decreasing to increasing ( p for overall < 0.001, p for nonlinear < 0.001), with the increasing physical activity. Subgroup analyses showed that increased physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of CircS and comorbidity in middle-aged and older adults, women, higher education population, low-income population, the non-obese, non-smokers, and non-drinkers. Conclusion physical activity could ameliorate MetS, CircS, and their comorbidity, especially for the middle-aged and married people as well as those with higher education, which provides a reference for early prevention of metabolism-related diseases in specific populations.