Clinical study on the distribution of acute respiratory pathogens after the unsealing of COVID-19

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of pathogen infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in our hospital, in order to understand the etiology and epidemiological traits of respiratory pathogen infection in Qingyuan area of Guangdong Province after the epidemic, and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Data of multiple RT-PCR and capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis were collected from hospitalized children aged 0-6 years who were diagnosed and treated for acute respiratory tract infection in Qingyuan People's Hospital from December 2022 to December 2023, and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results The total positive rate of acute respiratory pathogen infection was 65.49% (2306/3521), and the highest positive rate was HRV (21.81%), followed by HRSV (14.23%, 501/3521) and InfA (8.26%, 291/3521). The positive rate of at least one pathogen in male children was 73.77% (1 640/2223), as in female children was 72.88% (946/1298). The positive rate of respiratory pathogens in preschool children group was 71.47%(987/1381),which was higher than in the early childhood group (694/985,70.46%) and in the babyhood group(625/1155,54.11%), and the difference was statistically significant( c ² =98.760， P< 0.001).The positive rate of respiratory pathogens was highest in April(80.71%,251/311),then were in December 2023 (78.66%,199/253) and in November(76.92%,210/273), and the difference was statistically significant( c ² =423.944， P< 0.05). Conclusion The main pathogens of acute respiratory tract infection in our hospital are HRV, HRSV and InfA. The positive rate of males is higher than that of females, and the positive rate of preschool children is higher. There is a high incidence of infection during the winter and spring changes.