Enhancing Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in a Virtual Reality: A Prospective Interventional Study

The increasing prevalence of depression has highlighted Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as an effective treatment. However, conventional MBCT has several limitations, including barriers to access, the need for trained professionals, and inconsistent levels of participant engagement. The feasibility of using Virtual Reality (VR) for MBCT has emerged as a promising solution, but its efficacy remains underexplored. This study examines the potential of VR-based treatment to alleviate symptoms of depression. We developed and evaluated introductory mindfulness exercises and a three-session VR-MBCT program and conducted a feasibility study. Using the Meta Quest Pro and the E4 wristband, we collected data from 73 participants and analyzed feasibility, engagement, and behavioral patterns. Results showed high concentration levels, distinct emotional responses, and unique interaction patterns in the depression group. While survey data showed no significant differences between the depression and non-depression groups in terms of the usability and presence of VR, sensor data indicated higher entropy in electrodermal activity for the depression group, suggesting better emotional confrontation. Overall, our study highlighted the user-friendly and immersive aspects of VR-MBCT and its feasibility for alleviating depressive symptoms in individuals with depression.