Assessment Tools for Medication Self-Management Capacity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Sensory Impairment: A Scoping Review

Background Old age is often associated with an increasing prevalence of sensory impairment (hearing and/or visual) and polypharmacy. This study aimed to (i) identify and describe existing assessment tools suitable for evaluating the ability of older adults to manage medication independently and (ii) report on the validity of the assessment tools identified and applicability to those with sensory impairment. Methods A scoping review was conducted and is reported using PRISMA ScR. Electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane Library) from January 2005 to August 2023. Independent duplicate data extraction was conducted. A manual search of reference lists of all included studies was conducted. There were no restrictions on the country of origin or language. Critical appraisal was undertaken with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results Seventeen studies were included that reported 17 different tools. Of these, 13 tools assessed some aspects of visual function, often limited to evaluating an individual’s ability to read medicine labels, while only one assessed hearing function. All 17 tools focused primarily on physical and cognitive abilities. Validation was reported with only six tools. None of the tools were specifically developed to assess sensory function/impairment related to medication management. Conclusion Given the prevalence of sensory impairment in older adults and its impact on the safe and effective use of medicines, there is an urgent need for validated tools to assess and support the medication-related needs of this population.