DNA aptamer targeting USE1 as a novel biomarker for lung cancer

Background Lung cancer, the second most diagnosed cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, presents significant challenges, including early detection and effective treatment. In this study, we developed a diagnostic kit utilizing a novel aptamer targeting UBA6-specific E2 conjugating enzyme 1 (USE1), a biomarker implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Materials and methods Through Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX), we identified aptamers with high affinity and specificity to USE1. To evaluate the detection ability of these aptamers for the USE1 protein, in vitro and in vivo assays, including Enzyme-Linked OligoNucleotide Assays (ELONA) and immunoprecipitation with lung cancer cell lines and tissue samples, were performed. We also developed a novel fluorescence biosensing kit featuring a self-assembled biotin-modified DNA microsphere (DNAMS) and streptavidin quantum dot (STA-QD) conjugation for the detection of USE1. Results In vitro assays, such as ELONA and immunoprecipitation, demonstrated the robust detection of USE1 using these aptamers. Validation of the aptamers using lung cancer cell lines and patient tissue samples showed a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 80.0%. Additionally, the novel fluorescence biosensing kit, which features a self-assembled biotin-modified DNA microsphere (DNAMS) and streptavidin quantum dot (STA-QD) conjugation, facilitated easy visual detection of USE1. Conclusion Overall, this study not only advances the current understanding of aptamer-based diagnostics but also presents a promising approach for early lung cancer detection, with the potential to improve patient outcomes. Graphic abstract