Retroperitoneal leiomyoma: case report of a rare case of multiple retroperitoneal leiomyomas

Background : Uterine leiomyomas represent the most prevalent benign solid pelvic tumors observed in women. Their primary location is within the uterus; however, they can occasionally occur in uncommon sites, although their presence in the retroperitoneum is extremely rare. Due to their rarity in the retroperitoneum, where most tumors are malignant, establishing a preoperative diagnosis is often challenging. Clinical presentation tends to be nonspecific. Radiological examinations can reveal the presence of a retroperitoneal tumor, but the imaging findings lack specificity. Therefore, the definitive diagnosis typically requires histopathological examination. Case presentation : We report here a case of multiple retroperitoneal leiomyomas diagnosed after a laparoscopic exploration in a 30-year-old poorly symptomatic patient, who had a previous history of an open myomectomy in 2012. We review the difficulties encountered for diagnosis and different treatment options. Conclusion Retroperitoneal leiomyoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses in women with previous history of leiomyoma removal or hysterectomy.