Perspectives of Key Informants on Establishing a Pharmacist-led Anticoagulation Service in Primary Care Centers: An Implementation Research Approach

Background Globally, pharmacist-led anticoagulation services have improved patient outcomes in secondary and tertiary care settings. However, little is known about establishing such services within primary care settings. Aim This study explored key informants' perceptions regarding the development and implementation of a pharmacist-led anticoagulation service in a primary care setting. Methods A descriptive qualitative study was conducted at Qatar's largest primary healthcare institution, the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC). Key stakeholders, including healthcare center managers, pharmacy leads, physician leads and primary care physicians with cardiology privileges, were purposively recruited. Semi-structured interviews were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and analyzed using framework analysis. Results Data saturation was achieved after interviewing eleven key informants. The participants expressed confidence in the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing anticoagulation service in primary care to address patients’ needs. The main facilitators identified included ensuring pharmacist competency and establishing effective internal and external communication. The primary barrier identified was staffing shortages. Participants also highlighted the importance of developing standardized operational protocols, training programs, and integrating services with secondary care. Conclusion The implementation of pharmacist-led anticoagulation services in primary care settings was identified as both feasible and essential for improving patient outcomes. The insights from this study can inform future initiatives aimed at enhancing anticoagulation management in primary care settings.