Vascular supply of the radial nerve and its terminal branches: an anatomical study

Purpose The aim of this cadaveric study was to further describe the vascular supply of the radial, posterior interosseous and superficial radial nerves. Methods 11 cadaveric upper limbs, injected with colored latex, were dissected. Vascular afferents to the radial nerve, superficial radial nerve (SRN) and posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) were described and located. Their origin was identified and its distance to interepicondylar line was measured. Results The radial nerve had an average of 3 vascular afferents (2-5), of septomuscular origin in 54% of cases. 46% came from adjacent arteries. The PIN had an average of 8 vascular afferents (6-12), arising from septomuscular branches in 82% of cases. The PIN was vascularized in 100% of cases by a large arterial plexus originating from the supinator muscle between its two heads. The SRN had an average of 4 vascular afferents (3-5). Before crossing the septum of the brachioradialis, vascularization was predominantly septomuscular; after crossing the septum, the nerve was exclusively vascularized by septocutaneous arteries. Conclusion This is the first study to describe the vascularization of the radial nerve and its terminal branches along their entire length. Our results are in line with the data available in the literature. An arterial plexus between the two heads of the supinator was surrounding the PIN in all cases. This vascular plexus might be involved in dynamic compression of the posterior interosseous nerve.